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A miner's habit ((ドイツ語:Berghabit) or ''Bergmannshabit'') is the traditional dress of miners in Europe. The actual form varies depending on the region, the actual mining function, and whether it is used for work or for ceremonial occasions. == Elements == At work, the miner of the Middle Ages in Europe wore the normal costume for his local region – pit trousers (''Grubenhose''), shoes and miner's jacket (''Bergkittel''). Only gradually was the typical miner's uniform created by the addition of unmistakable elements of miner's apparel such as the miner's apron (''Arschleder''), knee pads (''Kniebügel''), miner's cap (''Fahrhaube'' or ''Fahrkappe'', later pit hat (''Schachthut''), the mining tools needed for work in the pit, such as hammers (''Fäustel''), chisels (''Eisen''), wedges, picks (''Keilhauen''), hoes (''Kratze''), shovels, crowbars, pikes (''Brechstangen'') or miner's chisels (''Bergeisen''), mallets (''Schlägel'') or carpenter's hatchets, the miners' safety lamps (often a ''Froschlampe''), and the ''Tzscherper'' bag (for the miner's knife (''Tzscherpermesser'') and lamp accessories like rape oil, flint and tinder).〔(Lexikoneintrag bei zeno.org )〕 There were specific accoutrements for the individual trade groups. The mining foreman or ''Steiger'', for example, carried the ''Steigerhäckel'', a simple hewer (''Häuer'') bore a miner's hatchet (''Grubenbeil''). Able miners (''Doppelhäuer'') carried a miner's axe (''Bergbarte'' or ''Bergparte''), which was simultaneously a tool and a weapon. The smelters (''Hüttenleute'') wore the leather apron as a pinafore (''Schürze'') in front of them (i.e. "back to front") and carried various implements: the ''Firke'' or ''Furkel'', the rake (''Rechen'') and the tapping bar (''Stecheisen'' or ''Abstichlanze''). In 1769 in Saxony, the Marienberg Bergmeister, von Trebra, introduced the wearing of the black mining habit.〔 * p. 117〕 The variety of mining habits may still be seen in the mining processions typical of the old mining regions even today. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Miner's habit」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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